Sounds exist in this world as a wave, that passes as a motion through different mediums. The waves are split into two different types, Transverse and Longitudinal.
A transverse wave is a wave that moves up and down at a right angle to the direction of the particles, carrying the energy along the path from its source.
A longitudinal wave of the other hand is a vibration that moves parallel to the direction of motion. This kind of wave is the wave that is found in the travel of sound.
The molecules don't move along the path instead they pass the energy onto a neighbouring molecule and so on, until the energy reaches the end. An example of the transfer of energy is the Newton's cradle.
This means sound waves are made up of a series of alternate compressions and rarefactions which are an increase and decrease in density in the medium the sound is traveling through.
Both the waves can be measured with wavelength and amplitude. The wavelength is, in the case of a transverse wave, the distance between the waves and for longitudinal waves it is the distance between two peak compression. The change in wavelength is what accounts for different pitch. If the sound is of a high pitch the wave length will be shorter between waves and at a lower pitch the wavelength will be longer.
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